Informatics Publishing Limited

R. G. Jat ¹, S. K. Goyal ¹, S. Choudhary ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, S.k.n. College of Agriculture (skrau), Jobner, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

Aonla, having English name Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) is an important fruit of future due to its high medicinal and nutritional value, which is grown in arid and semi-arid regions. Aspergillus rot (Aspergillus niger) and blue mould (Penicillium isalandicum) are major postharvest diseases in which decaying of fruits ranged from 10-18 per cent during the study period. Three years pooled data results revealed that maxinum fruit rots were controlled with Azadirachta indica leaf exract (5%) followed by carbendazim (0.1%), Curcuma longa rhizome extract (5%) in both pre- and post- inoculation treatment.

Keywords

Emblica officinalis, Aspergillus fruit rot, Blue mould rot, Botanicals, Bioagents

Full Text

     

R. G. Jat ¹, S. K. Goyal ¹, R. P. Didel ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, S.k.n. College of Agriculture (skrau), Jobner, Rajasthan, IN

Abstract

Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn) commonly known as aonla is one of the important fruit crop in arid and semi arid growing regions. To see the effect of different bioagents alone and alongwith effective fungicide against aonla rust, a field experiment was conducted. Pooled data revealed that chlorothalonil (0.2 %) reduced the maximum disease intensity significantly in comparison to control and other treatments. Minimum disease severity (5.80%) was obtained in chlorothalonil (0.2 %) followed by 1% Trichoderma viride +0.1% chlorothalonil (8.82 PDI). Maximum per cent disease control (71.80) was obtained in chlorothalonil (0.2 %) followed by 1% Trichoderma viride + 0.1% chlorothalonil (57.12) and also increased fruit yield significantly in comparison to other treatments. Maximum B: C ratio was obtained with chlorothalonil 0.2% (1:1.38) followed by 1% Trichoderma viride + 0.1% chlorothalonil (1: 1.29).

Keywords

Emblica Officinalis, Ravenalia Emblicae, Trichoderma Viride, Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Chlorothalonil, Aonla Rust

Full Text

     

S. K. Goyal ¹, Ernst Berg ²

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, IN
2 Department of Farm Management, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Alice 174, D-53115 Bonn, DE

Abstract

The profit function approach was used to derive the factor demand and the output supply functions. The normalized quadratic profit function and demand equations were estimated jointly using the SUR estimation technique. The Output supply equation is estimated residually from the estimated model consisting of normalized profit function and demand equations. Farm level panel data are used and the model is estimated assuming that the intercept terms vary across the farms. The theoretical framework fits the data well. The empirical results support the hypothesis of profit maximization. The own price elasticities of demand for human labour ranged from -0.46 in zone 1 to -0.29 in zone 2 and for fertilizer demand, it ranged from -0.42 in zone 3 to -0.21 in zone 1. The own price elasticity of wheat supply was found to be very small in all the zones. Land has a strong influence on wheat supply and input demand. At the observed price structure, fertilizer demand is expected to increase in all the zones which may be due to the fact that the negative price effect will be outpaced by output price. The human labour demand is expected to decrease in zone 1 and zone 2 at the observed price structure.

Full Text

     

D. K. Panda ¹, D. Banerjee ¹, S. K. Goyal ¹, A. R. Patel ¹, A. D. Shukla ¹

Affiliations
1 Planetary Sciences and Exploration Group, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380 009, IN

Abstract

We present the development of a cerium-doped lanthanum bromide (LaBr₃ : Ce) gamma-ray spectrometer (GRS) with the primary objective of determining the abundance and distribution of Th, U, K, and other major elements, including Fe on the entire planetary surface by measuring gamma-ray signals produced by radioactive decay, neutron inelastic scattering and neutron capture reactions in the energy region 0.03- 8 MeV. The energy resolution of the LaBr3 : Ce GRS developed in-house using front-end and processing electronics at 511 and 1274 keV is estimated to be 4.1% and 2.5% respectively. The intrinsic activity count rate for our 3ⁿ * 3ⁿ LaBr₃ : Ce GRS is ~61 counts s^-1 (i.e. ~0.18 counts s^-1 cm^-3) for the 40K energy window (1400-1520 keV) and ~3.4 counts s^-1 for the ²³²Th (2550-2700 keV) energy window. Although this large intrinsic activity of the LaBr₃ : Ce crystal inhibits estimation of the concentrations of Th and K, our attempts using a NaI(Tl) GRS (with electronics developed in-house) were more successful. The Th concentration of US-110 was estimated to be ~11.4 ppm and is within 14% of the 13.2 ppm value determined using a HPGe GRS. The K concentration of US-110 was estimated to be 0.87% and is within ~10% of the 0.78% value determined independently using a HPGe GRS.

Keywords

Cerium Radioactive Elements, Gamma Ray Spectroscopy, Lanthanum Bromide, Sodium Iodide.

Full Text

   

Shalini Dhyani ¹, S. K. Goyal ¹

Affiliations
1 EIRA Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, IN

Abstract

The extensive damage to natural ecosystems at large due to climate-led variability and vulnerability poses a serious threat to human life. Environmental sustainability is a criterion for economic progress and poverty bargain in Asia. Climate change accelerated by human-induced pressures is threatening the development and security of Asia. The poor are particularly vulnerable to these changes and are already suffering from rising sea levels and increasingly devastating storms, droughts and floods. Urgent action is needed to integrate both extenuation of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change adaptation measures into the development strategy of the region.

Full Text

   

S. K. Goyal ¹, Subodh Agarwal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Management, CCS HAU, Hisar (Haryana), PIN– 125004, IN

Abstract

In the present study the average data of six consecutive years have been used to measure the technical efficiency of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs). The study revealed that there were three efficient MFIs under Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) and five efficient MFIs under Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) assumption. Average input-oriented Technical Efficiency (TE), Pure Technical Efficiency (PTE) and Scale Efficiency (SE) worked out to be 37.4, 52.5 and 70.2 per cent, respectively. The corresponding figures under output- oriented measures were estimated to be 37.4, 45.3 and 85 per cent, respectively. It was found that 84 per cent of the MFIs studied in India were enjoying economies of scale under input-oriented measure, whereas only 36 per cent MFIs studied experienced economies of scale under output-oriented measure. Further it was found that majority of the selected MFIs, i.e., more than 3/4 MFIs have PTE less than or equal to 70 per cent under both the input and output oriented measures. Only 28 per cent of the selected units have PTE above 80 per cent efficiency level under input-oriented measures and 20 per cent under output measures. Tobit model, to explain the variability of individual efficiency measures, shows that 65 per cent of the variation in the technical efficiency is explained by the independent variables included in the model.

Full Text

   

S. K. Goyal ¹, Nitin Goyal ¹, Subodh Agarwal ¹, Megha Goyal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Management, CCS HAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

India is the 2nd largest producer of fruits in the world. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyze growth and to estimate the level of variability/instability in area, production and productivity of major fruit crops grown in India using the data for the period 2010-11 to 2018-19. The instability was estimated using Coppock's instability index. The study revealed that orange recorded highest growth rate in production (7.80%) followed by guava (7.01%), total citrus (6.97%), grapes (6.53%), etc. Banana is the only fruit crop under study which recorded negative growth in productivity (-0.35%). However, production increased at annual growth rate of 1.15percent which is due to area growth of 1.49 percent. The study further revealed that grapes recorded highest instability in production whereas orange recorded highest instability in area. In case of lemon and papaya instability in area contributed more than instability in productivity for causing instability in production whereas in case of orange, the instability in area and productivity was almost same. In case of all other fruit crops, instability in productivity contributed more than instability in area for causing instability in production. The growth rate of production of fruits can be increased through price incentives, farmers' education through extension services, better marketing infrastructure facilities, etc.

Keywords

Compound Growth Rate, Coppock's Instability Index, Fruits, Instability.

Full Text